Fifty Writing Tools
By Roy Peter Clark

The Fifty Writing Tools column that occasionally appears in the TOWA Newsletter is now available
as a book, says Roy Peter Clark, author of the tips. To purchase a copy of "Writing Tools:
50 Essential Strategies for Every Writer," visit your local or online bookstore. In its place, Clark
has started a writer’s blog at www.poynter.org.

Here’s a quick list of Writing Tools as a handy reference. Clark suggests writers copy it and keep
it in your wallet or journal, or near your desk or keyboard. Share it and add to it.

I. Nuts and Bolts

1. Begin sentences with subjects and verbs. Make meaning
early, then let weaker elements branch to the right.

2. Order words for emphasis. Place strong words at the
beginning and at the end.

3. Activate your verbs. Strong verbs create action, save
words, and reveal the players.

4. Be passive-aggressive. Use passive verbs to showcase the
"victim" of action.

5. Watch those adverbs. Use them to change the meaning
of the verb.

6. Take it easy on the -ings. Prefer the simple present or past.

7. Fear not the long sentence. Take the reader on a journey
of language and meaning.

8. Establish a pattern, then give it a twist. Build parallel constructions,
but cut across the grain.

9. Let punctuation control pace and space. Learn the rules,
but realize you have more options than you think.

10. Cut big, then small. Prune the big limbs, then shake out
the dead leaves.

II. Special Effects

11. Prefer the simple over the technical. Use shorter words,
sentences and paragraphs at points of complexity.

12. Give key words their space. Do not repeat a distinctive
word unless you intend a specific effect.

13. Play with words, even in serious stories. Choose words
the average writer avoids but the average reader understands.

14. Get the name of the dog. Dig for the concrete and specific,
details that appeal to the senses.

15. Pay attention to names. Interesting names
attract the writer - and the reader.

16. Seek original images. Reject clichés and first-level creativity.

17. Riff on the creative language of others. Make word lists,
free-associate, be surprised by language.

18. Set the pace with sentence length. Vary sentences to
influence the reader's speed.

19. Vary the lengths of paragraphs. Go short or long -- or
make a "turn"-- to match your intent.

20. Choose the number of elements with a purpose in mind. One,
two, three, or four: Each sends a secret message to the reader.

21. Know when to back off and when to show off. When
the topic is most serious, understate; when least serious,
exaggerate.

22. Climb up and down the ladder of abstraction. Learn
when to show, when to tell, and when to do both.

23. Tune your voice. Read drafts aloud.

III. Blueprints

24. Work from a plan. Index the big parts of your work.

25. Learn the difference between reports and stories. Use
one to render information, the other to render experience.

26. Use dialogue as a form of action. Dialogue advances
narrative; quotes delay it.

27. Reveal traits of character. Show character-istics through
scenes, details, and dialogue.

28. Put odd and interesting things next to each other. Help
the reader learn from contrast.

29. Foreshadow dramatic events or powerful conclusions.
Plant important clues early.

30. To generate suspense, use internal cliffhangers. To propel
readers, make them wait.

31. Build your work around a key question. Good stories
need an engine, a question the action answers for the reader.

32. Place gold coins along the path. Reward the reader with
high points, especially in the middle.

33. Repeat, repeat, repeat. Purposeful repetition links the parts.

34. Write from different cinematic angles. Turn your notebook
into a "camera."

35. Report and write for scenes. Then align them in a meaningful
sequence.

36. Mix narrative modes. Combine story forms using the
"broken line."

37. In short pieces of writing, don't waste a syllable. Shape
shorter works with wit and polish.

38. Prefer archetypes to stereotypes. Use subtle symbols,
not crashing cymbals.

39. Write toward an ending. Help readers close the circle
of meaning.

IV. Useful Habits

40. Draft a mission statement for your work. To sharpen
your learning, write about your writing.

41. Turn procrastination into rehearsal. Plan and write it first
in your head.

42. Do your homework well in advance. Prepare for the
expected -- and unexpected.

43. Read for both form and content. Examine the machinery
beneath the text.

44. Save string. For big projects, save scraps others would toss.

45. Break long projects into parts. Then assemble the pieces
into something whole.

46. Take interest in all crafts that support your work. To do
you best, help others do their best.

47. Recruit your own support group. Create a corps of
helpers for feedback.

48. Limit self-criticism in early drafts. Turn it loose during
revision.

49. Learn from your critics. Tolerate even unreasonable criticism.

50. Own the tools of your craft. Build a writing workbench
to store your tools.